Kant s Powerful Reasoning For Moral Atrocities - 1525 Words

Isaac Albert Moral Philosophy 3/20/2016 Word Count: 1528 Kant’s powerful reasoning for moral atrocities. Kant explains his moral theory, the categorical imperative, in â€Å"Grounding for the metaphysics of Morals†. In this paper i will argue that Kantian reasoning provides the most powerful understanding of how to assess and navigate moral dilemmas concerning atrocities when compared to Utilitarianism. In order to effectively do so, i will be using a case by Bernard Williams. The case by Williams in â€Å"A critique of Utilitarianism,† is as followed. Jim is in a small South American town where he finds a band of armed men holding twenty indians hostaged. Pedro, the man in charge, explains that because of recent protest the†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, i will provide an examination of what both utilitarianism and the categorical imperative would do in this situation; beginning with utilitarianism. In â€Å"Principles of Morals and Legislation† Jeremy Bentham outlines utilitarianism. The most important feature being the principle of utility, Benth am believes that pleasure and pain governs all aspect of life, and one must do all they can to reduce their pain and maximize their pleasure ( Bentham, 7) Bentham Develops the Felicific calculator in order to quantitatively measure pain and pleasure in any given circumstance. To adhere to this calculus, one ought to consider if â€Å"the value of a pleasure or pain will be greater or less according to: Intensity, duration, certainty, nearness, fecundity, purity, and extent† (Bentham, 22). For an example, in Williams’ case one must consider the pleasure and pain involved in their ability to be certain of the outcomes of their actions. If one cannot be sure that they can trust Pedro’s promise to let the nineteen hostages go, then this should be considered in the calculations of the pleasures and pain of the consequences of their actions. Consequentialism is another key aspect to utilitarianism. An action s morality is dependent on outcomes only. One’s inte ntions does not really matter. It becomes evidently clear from running the felicific calculus, consulting the principles of utility and

The Crime Of Computer Forensics - 1671 Words

Computer Forensics In a world where technology is increasingly becoming the way of life, it was only a matter of time before crime was no longer just in the streets but happening online as well. Criminals now get a new approach to carry out their crimes with the use of computers. Since technology is more like a murder mystery than catching the bad guy in the act, a new discipline of forensics needed to be put into place. This is known as computer forensics. Forensic science is any science used for the purpose of law. In the case of computer forensics it is â€Å"the discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to collect and analyze data from computer systems, networks, wireless communications, and storage devices in a way that is admissible as evidence in a court of law† (U.S. Cert, 2008). Meaning if you do something illegal on the Internet it can be found. Since the widespread use of computers, computer crime has caused an increase in computer investigations during the twenty first century. Some reasons for investigation include: identity theft, such as stolen social security and credit card numbers, to find evidence of a cheating spouse, to investigate hackers on a computer system, to find evidence of child pornography, and much more. History of Computer Forensics The 1970s were when military investigators first started finding instances of computer-related criminal activity and needed a more comprehensive approach for solving these technical crimes.Show MoreRelatedThe Crime Of Computer Forensics1865 Words   |  8 Pagesmenace, computer forensics specialists are approached to provide the necessary proof that will incriminate the offenders as well as identify the fraud that has occurred. The computer hackers leave a trail behind them just like us, while using the internet. The hackers make use of our IP addresses to track us and similarly they too can be identified by the information left on the system used by the thieves. This is made possible by the experts in computer forensics. The specialists in computer forensicsRead MoreSignificance Of Compute Crime And A Particular Emphasis Towards Computer Forensics1515 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigate the significance of compute crime and a particular emphasis towards computer forensics. The key objective of this report is find out the final outcome through evidence which we as team have find out during our research while using FTK. The importance part of this report is the procedure of Incident Response Stages and how you follow the guide set by Appco to resolve the case. There will be main focus on technical aspect of the report and looking in to the main crime they have committed in this caseRead MoreAssignment 1: Computer Forensics Overview1397 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1: Computer Forensics Overview CIS 417 Computer Forensics Computer forensics is the process of investigating and analyzing techniques to gather and preserve information and evidence from a particular computing device in a way it can be presented in a court of law. The main role of computer analyst is to recover data including photos, files/documents, and e-mails from computer storage devices that were deleted, damaged and otherwise manipulated. The forensics expert’s work on casesRead MoreDigital Forensics And The Constitution1499 Words   |  6 PagesDIGITAL FORENSICS AND THE CONSTITUTION Daniel J. Riggleman Mount Aloysius College DIGITAL FORENSICS AND THE CONSTITUTION Until recently, forensic scientists needed only to study physical evidence to determine what had taken place at a crime scene. This consisted of gathering fibers and samples of any bodily fluids left behind and also taking note of every aspect of the crimes scene to determine what had happened. In today’s age, that is all still necessary for most crime scenes; however, there isRead MoreDigital Evidence799 Words   |  4 Pagespaper will help explain the basic understanding of computer forensics. I will also identify five areas in computers and computer application a forensic investigator can look for digital evidence. I will identify three types of criminal investigations that can utilize the services of computer forensic investigators. This paper will help with the understanding of computer forensics. Digital Evidence What is computer forensics? Computer forensics involves the preservation, identification, extractionRead MoreCase Study 2: U.S. Versus Aol. In The U.S. Versus Aol Case,1253 Words   |  6 PagesWire fraud is achieved through electronic trading and this is what classifies it as a computer crime. This crime is where the computer system is used as a way to commit the crime, not the goal of the crime itself (Easttom Taylor, 2011). The goal of wire fraud is to take advantage of a situation or someone in order to get money or something else that is valuable. Wire fraud is considered to be a federal crime and is classified as a felony. The penalties may be severe depending on the case. â€Å"EachRead MoreEmerging Technologies in Criminal Justice974 Words   |  4 Pagesin Criminal Justice Computer technologies have changed drastically within just the past few decades. These advancements have spurred new investigative techniques for law enforcement, and have helped solve a number of crimes, most famously the BTK serial killer. Still, these technologies are often available for criminals, who use emerging technological innovations to better commit their crimes. There are a number of clear advantages of computers and the use of computer technology in investigationsRead MoreThe Digital Of Digital Forensics1586 Words   |  7 PagesWith advances in digital technology, the scope of digital crimes has also increased multi-fold. Digital forensics is a science, which involves collection, preservation and documentation of the digital evidence from various digital storage media. This entire process must be undertaken in fashion that is appropriate forensically, and results in collection of data, which can be made admissible in a court of law during the investigation of a crime. Since most of the transactions today happen across digitalRead MoreComputer Forensics And The Internet1393 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction to computer forensics In today s world, people must keep up with technology in order to conduct their daily routines. Technological advances now allow people to remain in the comfort of their homes while they carry out everything from ordering groceries from the store or videoconferencing with someone around the world can be done electronically. Since its beginnings in the 1990s, people use the Internet in their everyday lives, they rely on it for a safe and accurate exchange of informationRead MoreComputer Forensics : The Integration Of Computer Science And Law1505 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Computer forensics basically it is the integration of computer science and law to solve crimes. It serves as a branch of digital forensic science and it applies to evidence that is found in computers and digital storage media. Its purpose is to examine digital media through the identification, preservation, collection, analyzation and offering facts and creating opinions based on the digital information. Even if i t relates most with many computer crimes computer forensics still can be used

Value of Trees free essay sample

Environmental Report on the Value of Trees Trees play a significant part in our community and to our local wildlife as they improve and provide a number of important environmental benefits. They provide better air quality for us by filtering the airborne pollutants and by removing the atmospheric carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and places with cleaner air (places with more trees) extend people’s life force by months or even years. This impacts the organisms by contributing to the carbon cycle, during its process of photosynthesis- for example, an organism can have a better life living in cleaner air. Wildlife also relies on trees, the provider of their habitat, and many animals will be lost with no home if any destruction is taken towards the trees. The animals also rely on trees for its nutrients as the waste (fallen leaves) is recycled by invertebrates, fungi and bacteria in the soil to provide nutrients to the tree and other organisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Value of Trees or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can also rely on trees by eating the leaves directly and getting the nutrients straight from the leaf, as they cannot provide it themselves and if trees do not exist, animals will not have a stable source of nutrients. Flooding and pollution of waterways has been reduced due to how the trees reduce the stormwater run-off, by capturing and storing the rainfall in the canopy, and releasing the water into the atmosphere through evapotranspiration instead. In addition to this, the tree roots and leaf litter create soil conditions that improve the infiltration of rainwater into the soil and through this, our ground supply is replenished and our stream flow is maintained during dry periods. They also control the climate by moderating effects of the sun, wind and rain and reduce air temperatures in summer, by reducing global warming. It also makes places with urban surroundings more natural and fresh. Trees help attract birds and other animals into the area and this is important because the animals can help spread the plant seeds to grow new plants, keep the insect population stable and produce fertilizer. Without trees, pollination would not occur because no trees, no flowers and then the bees would have nowhere to pollinate, therefore no honey. Trees affect many things that trigger other things so it is like a chain linking everything back to trees; therefore if trees are destroyed, many other living things will be affected as well. Apart from this, trees help the soil to hold together, meaning more of a variety of plants can be planted in that area of soil. It also helps increase soil organic matter and litter from trees and other vegetation help improve structure and increase infiltration. Trees increase the surface roughness of the soil and this slows the rate it flows. Many people enjoy looking at trees as they are very aesthetic pleasing to the eye, without even realising because they have cathedral-like quality due to its stature, strength and endurance form. They provide privacy for the people, screen out or enhance views, reduce noise pollution, glare and reflection, create beauty and elegance in streetscapes as well as enhance and complement nicely to the architecture. Having trees around us makes the scenery and life more pleasant as it gives the feeling of peace, serenity and relaxation. The social benefits of trees are that they make communities softer and less harsh as it softens the outline of metal and glass. It also provides an opportunity for physical fitness as more people exercise in places filled with trees and it reduces the violence in places with more trees. Trees are very useful economically as they provide a lot of timber which is useful as it is compact and dense. Timber can be used for construction and other miscellaneous purposes like boat building and carving. It can also enhance community economic stability by attracting businesses and tourists as many tourists go to places to like at the beautiful scenery filled with trees. People also linger and shop longer along tree-lined streets is it gives them a comfortable feeling, and this could also add to the spending of tourists. House prices are also influenced by the presence of trees. Apart from this, the trees also impact the amount of honey as it depends on the number of trees, because the beekeepers put hives very carefully into selected trees appropriate for honey-making. Honey is very important as it is used in food, in medicines and practically everything. Pharmacology mostly relies on trees for its pharmaceuticals as it is extracted from plants. The herbal medicines like pharmaceuticals are derived from nature- trees which act as little factories that manufacture therapeutic proteins that come from different parts of the tree. Herbal medicines like pharmaceuticals are derived from nature and some include the willow tree that provides aspirin and tea tree oil comes from a tree called Melaleuca Alternifolia- the tea tree. In conclusion, trees provide many benefits in life and without trees; the environment and the daily lives of people will be less convenient, natural, and healthy and the world would be an unstable place. Instead of destroying trees, people should start planting more trees to achieve a better, healthier and cleaner life.

Culture Of Fear Essay Research Paper Why free essay sample

Culture Of Fear Essay, Research Paper Why Americans Fear The Incorrect Thingss Why are so many frights profuse in today # 8217 ; s society, and so many of them unproven? Peoples are so easy persuaded by media that they are vicarious in their ideas. Peoples can # 8217 ; t conform to the fact or truth in a state of affairs because media has played such a huge function in humanity. I have chosen the chapter on Monster Moms. In the undermentioned paragraphs I will demo how easy world is influenced by these agencies of misdirecting media in correlativity to the text on Monster Moms. On infinite occasions in the past, well-known progressives including Jesse Jackson, Joyceln Elders, and Daniel Patrick Moynihan and conservativists such as Dan Quayle and Bill Bennett all blamed adolescent mas for # 8220 ; destructing civilization. # 8221 ; Journalists referred to immature maternity as a # 8220 ; malignant neoplastic disease # 8221 ; and forewarned that they # 8220 ; breed felons faster than society can imprison them. # 8221 ; Stephen Caldas, a policy analyst, wrote in an educational research diary that, # 8220 ; the lower the instruction degrees of female parents who began childbearing as adolescents translates into lower work force productiveness and diminished rewards, ensuing in a weaker, less competitory economy. # 8221 ; Basically he was stating that you could keep adolescent mas responsible for America # 8217 ; s diminishing place in the universe economic system. I disagree along with the writer of The Culture Of Fear, by Barry Glassner. These allegations are absurd. Womans do non hold the capacity to destruct America. Teen mas are non responsibly for the diminution in America # 8217 ; s place in the universe economic system but the diminution in America # 8217 ; s place in the universe economic system is responsibly for adolescent gestation. Childs who are enrolled in hapless schooling do non hold the chance to get a respectable, high-toned, baronial occupation. Therefore, they have fewer motivations to detain sex or pattern contraceptive method. Preexisting fortunes are a chief issue in covering with this job. In a survey at the Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sex and America # 8217 ; s adolescent, completed in 1994, at least 80 per centum of the teenage mas were hapless before they became pregnant. The most imperative conditions are preponderantly poverty and hapless educational chances and abilities. In fact some experts convey information that immature adult females tend to go more motivated to complete school and happen occupations one time they have kids to back up. Not merely are they more motivated to complete school and happen a occupation but they have the demand to obtain a calling and do a nice life in order to back up their progeny. Statisticss besides reveal that stripling mas are less likely than their equals to prosecute in drug maltreatment and other suicidal behaviours. Sociologist Joan Moore, an expert on delinquent misss, calls this relationship # 8220 ; a transition to conventionality. # 8221 ; ( Joan Moore, Traveling Down to the Barrio ( Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991 ) , p. 114 ) One of the important grounds why teenage mas have been demoted is because they get small acknowledgment. This is partly because people of authorization do their best to do their achievements unseeable. For illustration, two pupil female parents with grade-point norms of 3.9 and 3.7 on a graduated table of 4.0 were denied rank in the National Honor Society. These pupils were told they did non run into the demands, that is the # 8220 ; character # 8221 ; demands. The admittances commission announced that they did non desire other misss in the organisation to look at the adolescent female parents as function theoretical accounts. Stigma # 8217 ; s placed on immature female parents are inappropriate. Another stereotype of immature maternity is that they are incapable of raising healthy kids. Research workers have documented that adolescents that have in fact cared for younger siblings are sometimes more matter-of-fact in their feelings about parentage and more dedicated to rearing tha n older parents. More labels are placed on individual parent families claiming that the kids frequently end up in gaol. Newspaper correspondents called bastardy # 8220 ; the smoke gun in a nauseating array of pathologies-crime, drug maltreatment, mental, and physical unwellness, public assistance dependence # 8221 ; ( Joe Klein in Newsweek ) and # 8220 ; an unprecedented national calamity # 8221 ; ( David Broder in the Washington Post ) . Another editorialist stated, # 8220 ; before we can hold offense control, we need to hold birth control # 8221 ; ( Richard Cohen in the Washington Post ) . He besides declared that bastardy is # 8220 ; a national security issue. # 8221 ; Surveies that compare single-parent families and two-parent families of similar degrees of instruction and income find few differences in the result of the kids. The bulk of kids of individual female parents don’t become felons, drug nuts, mentally sick, or security menaces. An experiment that observed 23,000 grownup work forces discovered that those raised by individual parent female parents had both income and instruction degrees approximately tantamount to those raised by two parent households. Besides kids of individual mas have a inclination to progress better emotionally and socially than make offspring from high-conflict matrimonies or from those in which the male parent is emotionally absent or opprobrious. Hyperboles about the effects of unwed maternity on kids stigmatize those kids and provoke instructors and constabularies, among others, to handle them with incredulity. The instructors tended to rate the â€Å"illegitimate† kids less favourably. Fathers are besides a large issue in how the media misleads the populaces position. A front page narrative in the New York Times stated, # 8220 ; Over all, kids in places without male parents are more likely to be hapless, to drop out of high school and to stop up in surrogate attention or juvenile-justice plans than are those populating with their fathers. # 8221 ; Washington Post: # 8220 ; Turning up without a male parent is like being in a auto with a rummy driver. # 8221 ; To take a firm stand that kids are basically better off with male parents irrespective of whom their male parents are or how they behave is to propose that no individual female parent can adequately raise a kid. Which is non true. Research on divorce shows that the foremost negative influences on kids are struggles between parents before the divorce and the loss of the male parent # 8217 ; s income after the divorce, instead than absence of the male parent. A kid is non better off with a male parent that is for illustration opprobrious or is a drug user, or an alcoholic. The kid is better off with person who is traveling to give the best attention that that kid demands and deserves. In some instances this could intend no male parent at all or no female parent. Surveies besides show that kids of divorced parents who live with their female parents have found no important betterments in school and no betterments in behaviour when the kids # 8217 ; s beget visits more frequently. Another illustration of how the media wholly deceived Americans is in the instance of a adult female from South Carolina named Susan Smith. Susan Smith was the adult female who had strapped her two kids in their auto seats and allow the auto axial rotation in the lake. The first hebdomad the narrative came out newsmans were tricked along with the remainder of the universe that Susan Smith had been carjacked by a black adult male who took her childs. The following hebdomad when the truth came out all the pleasant remarks given by the newsmans immediately vanished. All the loving comments and descriptions that journalists had been publishing about her schoolmates voting her # 8220 ; friendliest senior # 8221 ; of the category of 1989, and her instructors portraying her as # 8220 ; a good child, # 8221 ; or the neighbour who said, # 8220 ; I saw the love that they had for these kids, # 8221 ; were no longer discussed. The words and phrases that were published before America realiz ed the truth were really deceiving and deceptive. The media truly swindled the sentiments of many American # 8217 ; s. Donna Shalala proclaimed in 1996 that the figure of kids abused and neglected by their parents had doubled during a seven-year period. She said that the Numberss rose from 1.4 million to 2.8 million, and the figure of earnestly abused kids had quadrupled from approximately 143,000 to about 570,000. Shalala besides emphasized that kids of individual parents are twice every bit likely to be harmed. However, grounds shows that rates of kid maltreatment had non increased every bit badly as Donna Shalala had pointed out. Statisticss from the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse showed that the figure of human deaths ensuing from kid maltreatment had increased by merely two hundred during the seven-year period. The figure of deceases in 1986 as a consequence from kid maltreatment was 1,014 and in 1993 there were 1,216 deceases. If the figure of kids who had been abused purportedly quadruped so the deceases should hold besides increased by a significantly big figure every bit good. Sha lala # 8217 ; s survey besides states that there was a # 8220 ; skyrocketing # 8221 ; addition in child maltreatment when in world it is merely mere outlooks of maltreatment. # 8220 ; Fear traders have knocked the optimism out of us by stuffing us full of negative givens about our fellow citizens and societal institutions. # 8221 ; We waste one million millions of dollars on fabulous jeopardies like route fury and on engineering to do air hose travel-which is already safer than other agencies of transportation-still safer. We as a society must work together and non be so easy persuaded by media. ( Barry Glassner 210 )